Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test a mediating effect of emotions and emotional intelligence in the relationship between perceived coaching behaviors and effort/persistence for performance among collegiate athletes, and to investigate its invariance across athletic career. Methods: Subjects were 368 collegiate athletes (307 males, 61 females). The data were conducted by using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation, structural equation modelling, and multi-group analysis. Results: First, collegiate athletes’ perceived autonomy-support behaviors form their coaches contributed to enhance their effort and persistence for performance via positive emotions and emotional intelligence. Second, controlled coaching behaviors had a direct effect on athletes’ effort and persistence for performance, but did not influence their effort and persistence for performance through negative emotions and emotional intelligence. Third, the effects of athletes’ perceived coaching behaviors, emotions, and emotional intelligence were variant across athletic careers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that even though coaches’ behaviors influence athletes’ effort and persistence for performance, athletes will participate in their sport by feeling good emotions, appraising and regulating their own emotions as well as others’ emotions properly.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the changes in the life skill and learning attitudes of the student-athletes according to the application of the PEAK program developed for the purpose of raising their life skills. Methods: The participants were student-athletes(n=47) at Y university in Gyeonggi province. Data were collected using life skill and learning attitude measurement. The collected data were analyzed by repeated-measure variable analysis. Partial Eta Squared was calculated to explain the effect size. Results: The two groups showed interaction effects in goal setting, time management, interpersonal skills in the life skill, and satisfaction, achievement, confidence, and interest in learning attitude according to pre & post measurement. Specifically, there was no difference in the mean score between the two groups in the pre-test, but there was a difference in the post-test. Conclusion: The student-athletes who participated PEAK program have changed positively on life skills and learning attitude.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship model of team interaction, basic psychological needs, and aggression and to verify mediation effect of basic psychological needs in the path from team interaction to aggression. It also compares the path coefficients of the relationship between team interaction, basic psychological needs, and aggression depending on the sport. Methods: Male college athletes (N=268) were participated in the study. The data was collected from team interaction, basic psychological needs, and aggression questionnaires after their verification of validity and reliability were conducted. The frequency analysis, the factor analysis (exploratory, confirmatory), the correlation analysis, the structural equation analysis, and the multi-group analysis were conducted. Results: The results are as follows: first, team interaction positively affected basic psychological needs (p<.05) and basic psychological needs negatively affected aggression (p<.05). In addition, there was negative relationship between team interaction and aggression. Second, the partial mediation effect of basic psychological needs was indicated in the path from team interaction to aggression (p<.05). Finally, significant difference of path coefficients that depend on sports was not discovered. However, team interaction positively affected basic psychological needs and team interaction negatively affected aggression in ice hockey. Additionally, basic psychological needs negatively affected aggression in rugby. Conclusion: The relationship between team interaction, basic psychological needs, and aggression was verified through current study. Also, even though significant difference of path coefficients depend on sports was not revealed, the difference of relationship between team interaction, basic psychological needs, and aggression depending on sports was demonstrated.

Purpose: Doping use of athletes is an ongoing problem in contemporary sports. The present study was to test a model linking different types of coach interpersonal style with doping intentions via a number of needs satisfaction, needs frustration, and mental toughness. Methods: Participants were 267 high school and collegiate student-athletes and asked to complete the questionnaire in assess the Korean version of coach interpersonal style, needs satisfaction, needs frustration, mental toughness and doping intentions. Results: The results showed that perceptions of controlling coach behaviors predicted athlete need frustration, which in turn predicted high doping intention. Whereas the perceptions of autonomy support of coach behaviors predicted athlete need satisfaction, which in turn predicted low doping intention. The need satisfaction predicted the mental toughness but, need frustration predicted the doping intention. The mental toughness also predicted the doping intention. Conclusion: The findings showed that the need satisfaction facilitated by autonomy supporting behavior of coach plays an important role in the mental toughness whereas need frustration induced by controlling behavior of coach lead to doping intention and doping use.

Purpose: The purpose of this meta-analysis study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychological skills training interventions for golf players. Methods: Generally, a psychological skills training was an individualized training based on the player’s needs and personal characteristics. Therefore, analyzing single-subject studies was proper to evaluate the effectiveness of those interventions. A total of 10 single-subject studies which included 10 golf players published in Korea from 2003 to 2017 was selected and analyzed according to the criteria. The effectiveness of interventions was examined by non-overlap effect size technique(PND). The criteria included the characteristics of participants(sex, age, level of player, career), the characteristics of independent variables(training period, the number of training session), the characteristics of dependent variables(psychological skill, self-management, athletic performance). The effect size of each criteria was analyzed and compared. Results: The findings are as follows: The overall effect size of psychological skills training interventions for golfer was 78.87%(PND) which was a medium effect size. Regarding the characteristics of participants, the effect size of females was bigger than those of males, and individuals with younger age, amateur or student-level, and shorter career as a golfer had bigger effect size, respectively. In terms of the independent variables, longer period of training and higher number of training sessions were more effective. With respect to the characteristics of dependent variables, the effect size of actual performance was the biggest, psychological skills training was the middle, and self-management behavior was the smallest. Based on the results, some implications were discussed for future research. Conclusion: This study shows that the developmental stage and training period of golf players are crucial factors in the psychological skills training design. In order to develop more sophisticated psychological skills training methods, further systemic research is needed to verify the effectiveness of each training elements.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the authentic leadership component of the coaches and to develop a scale based on the results. Methods: An open-ended questionnaire of 126 coaches was conducted to explore the components of the coach’s authentic leadership. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight coaches and six players to collect in-depth data, and preliminary scale were produced through the categorization process. The preliminary scale was surveyed by 325 coaches to verify the structure of the factors and the validity of the scales. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results: 1,076 raw data were derived from open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interviews, the results of inductive content analysis showed that the authentic leadership component of the coach was four factors: self-growth, true attitude, balanced leadership behavior and human communication. Based on the results of the exploration, the preliminary questionnaire of 60 questions were produced, a exploratory factor analysis was conducted based on the results of 170 coaches’ responses. As a result, the four factors, 15 questions, were extracted: four questions of self-growth, three questions of true attitude, four questions of balanced leadership behavior and four questions of human communication. The developed scale obtained the conceptual validity by performing an analysis of the convergent and discriminant validity. Also, external validity was obtained through correlation analysis with other scales. Conclusion: The developed scale will be used as a tool to check coaches’ level of authenticity and verify their influence with other psychological factors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct the conceptual structure of sport performance perceived by athletes participating the aesthetically oriented sports within the boundary of domestic (Korean) culture. Methods: Eighty three rhythmic gymnasts and figure skaters registered to the respective branches of the Korean Sport Council completed semi-structured open questionnaires, and data from 715 participants were used for further analyses after initial screening processes. Through the multiple expert meetings, inductive content analyses were performed to categorize data from the source to general factors. Then, frequency analyses were performed using the SPSS 18.0. Results/Conclusion: Sport performance perceived by rhythmic gymnasts and figure skaters were categorized into 106 psychological theme, and 248 physical conditioning, 167 psychological, and 194 environmental states specific to optimal performance situation were identified. Based on these, 28 sub-factors and 13 general factors were conceptualized. Derived conceptual structure was further compared with existing studies with special emphasis on the aesthetic nature of these sporting activities.

목적: 본 연구는 사회적 상호의존성과 팀성과의 관계에서 팀원관계와 응집력의 이중매개효과를 검증하였다. 방법: 대학 운동선수 135명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, Hayes (2018)가 개발한 매크로 프로그램을 통하여 이중매개효과에 대한 통계적 검증을 실시하였다. 결과: 사회적 상호의존성이 높을수록 팀원관계는 향상되고, 향상된 팀원관계는 응집력을 강화시켜 팀성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 이중매개효과는 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 단일매개변수(사회적 상호의존성 → 팀원관계 → 팀성과, 사회적 상호의존성 → 응집력 → 팀성과)에 대한 간접효과의 통계적 유의성은 존재하지 않았다. 결론: 따라서 사회적 상호의존성을 통해 팀성과를 높이기 위해서는 팀원관계와 응집력를 함께 고려한 중재전략을 개발하고 적용해야 할 것이다.